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Contents
Why is Progress So Slow and What Steps Are Needed to Accelerate Change? 86 References 87 Chapter 6 Waste 90 The Current Situation 91 Waste Policy and Planning 92 Waste Regulation 92 Waste Targets and Prevention 93 Waste Prevention 93 Waste Generation 94 Extended Producer Responsibility 94 Tyres/Waste Tyres 94 Waste Management and Infrastructure 95 Municipal Waste Management 97 Food Waste 97 Litter and Fly-tipping 98 See it? Say it! 98 Construction and Demolition Waste 98 Management of Animal By-products 99 Hazardous Waste Management 99 Farm Hazardous Waste Collection Scheme 100 Radioactive Waste Management 100 Explosive and Pyrotechnic Waste 101 Biological Waste Treatment 101 Sewage Sludge 101 Marine Litter 102 Waste Research 103 Drivers and Pressures 103 Consumption and Waste Generation 103 EU Legislation and Action Plans 103 Responses 103 National Policy and Implementation 103 Future Challenges 103 References 104 Chapter 7 Land and Soil 106 Introduction 107 The Current Situation 108 Land Use and Land Cover 108 Land Cover and Land Use Datasets 108 Land Cover Data Reporting Variation 110 Agriculture 110 Peatlands 110 Forestry 110 Soil Health 111 Soil Biodiversity 111 Drivers and Pressures 111 Changes in Land Use and Land Cover 111 Strategic Planning and Sector Issues 112 Responses 114 Spatial Planning 114 Land Cover Mapping 114 Irish Soil Information System 114 National Landscape Strategy 115 National Peatlands Strategy 116 Identification and Clean-up of Contaminated Land 116 Agriculture 116 River Catchment-based Flood Risk Assessment and Management 117 Research 118 Conclusion and Future Challenges 118 References 119 Section III Environment, Health and Wellbeing 121 Chapter 8 Environment, Health and Wellbeing 122 Introduction 123 Healthy Ireland – A Framework for Improved Health and Wellbeing 125 Environment and Wellbeing 126 Sustainable Living 126 Individual Choices 128 Regulation and Policy 128 Clean Air and Health 128 Dioxins 129 Noise 129 Wellbeing of Future Generations (Wales) Act (2015) 129 Odours 130 Bioaerosols 131 Clean Water and Health 131 Private Wells 133 Urban Waste Water 133 Domestic Waste Water Treatment Systems 136 Bathing Water 136 Shellfish 137