Ireland's State of the Environment Report 2024

407 Chapter 15: Circular Economy and Waste Topic Box 15.1  Focus on household waste (continued) Figure 15.4  Summary of the percentage of different waste materials found in household general waste bins Source: EPA, 2023a Production models and consumer behaviour 6 www.eea.europa.eu/publications/environment-and-climate-pressures-from/environment-and-climate-pressures-from (accessed 24 June 2024). The Eighth Environmental Action Programme (Decision (EU) 2022/591) calls for a significant reduction in the EU’s consumption footprint to bring European consumption- related impacts within planetary boundaries. This will require substantially transforming production and consumption systems. Reporting on environment and climate pressures from household consumption in Europe, the EEA 6 stated that: ‘unprecedented sustainability challenges from accumulating environmental and climate pressures and impacts – to a large extent caused by unsustainable consumption – require a fundamental shift in our production and consumption systems in Europe and beyond’.