EPA - Ireland's Environment, An Integrated Assessment - 2020

Table of Contents Chapter 9: Waste 225 1. Introduction 225 2. Current Situation 226 3. Drivers 237 4. Pressures 239 5. Promoting Sustainable Behaviours and the Circular Economy 244 6. Conclusions 250 References 253 Chapter 10: Environment and Industry 257 1. Introduction 257 2. Emissions from Licensed Facilities 263 3. Resource Use in Industrial Sectors 267 4. Waste Generated by Industrial Sectors 268 5. Circular Economy for Resource Use and Waste 270 6. Enforcement of EPA Licences for Industrial Facilities 271 7. Industry and the National Transition Ambition 273 8. Research on Industry and the Environment 274 9. Conclusions 275 References 277 Chapter 11: Environment and Transport 281 1. Introduction 281 2. Environmental Pressures from Transport 281 3. Understanding the Drivers of Transport Environmental Pressures 286 4. Sustainable Mobility Transformation 290 5. Conclusions 296 References 299 Chapter 12: Environment and Energy 305 1. Introduction 305 2. Energy Use, Human Health and Environmental Protection 305 3. European Union and National Energy Policy 306 4. Energy Consumption in Ireland 309 5. Challenges and Comparisons 317 6. Conclusions 321 References 324 Chapter 13: Environment and Agriculture 327 1. Introduction 327 2. The Structure of Irish Agriculture 329 3. Current Trends 332 4. What’s Being Done 339 5. Conclusions 345 References 348 Chapter 14: Environment, Health and Wellbeing 353 1. Introduction 353 2. Health Benefits of our Natural Environment 353 3. National Issues around Protecting our Environment, Health and Wellbeing 356 4. Global Issues – Local Challenges 374 5. Conclusions 378 References 381 Chapter 15: Environmental Performance, Policy and Implementation 387 1. Introduction 387 2. European Assessment of Ireland’s Environmental Performance 390 3. Assessment of Ireland’s Performance Against Environmental Legislation, Plans and Programmes 392 4. The European and Global Policy Context 401 5. Improving Environmental Performance and Policy Implementation 403 6. Conclusions 408 References 417 Chapter 16: Conclusions 421 1. Introduction 421 2. Environmental Scorecard for Ireland 425 3. Ireland in a European Context 428 4. Key Environmental Messages for Ireland 431 5. Conclusions 448 References 454 3